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Jonatan Gezelius 6 lat temu
rodzic
commit
e390c704a2

+ 4 - 0
rapport/discussion.tex

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ As can be seen in \autoref{tab:initial-measurements} and \autoref{tab:initial-me
 
 It was suprisingly difficult to find and choose apropriate components for the dummy load. The resistors had to tolerate extreme surges and the relays had to have high insulation voltages between the contacts.
 
+
+\subsection{Dummy Loads}
+The results are well within the \SI{1}{\percent} specified by the standard \cite{iso_7637_2}.
+
 \subsection{Attenuators}
 \label{discussion_attenuators}
 During the project, the attenuation was considered as the voltage attenuation $att = 20 log_{10}\left( \frac{V_{in}}{V_{out}} \right)  \si{\deci\bel}$. However, lots of information and many tools for RF applications, including the calculator used for the attenuators in this project, assume power attenuation $att = 10 log_{10}\left( \frac{P_{in}}{P_{out}} \right)  \si{\deci\bel}$. The result of these two properties coincides when the input and output impedance, as well as the driving and loading impedance, are all the same.

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+ 4466 - 0
rapport/main.pdf


+ 38 - 0
rapport/main.tex

@@ -17,6 +17,44 @@
 \usepackage{tabularx}
 \usepackage{float}
 
+
+\usepackage{subcaption}
+
+%%% Makes DOI numbers to links
+\usepackage{doi}
+
+
+%%% The footnotes are renumbered for each page
+\usepackage[perpage]{footmisc}
+
+
+%%& Make bold mathmode available 
+\usepackage{bm}
+
+%%% Make it possible to change size of tables
+\usepackage{adjustbox}
+
+%%% Use SI units
+\usepackage{siunitx}
+%%% For consistent formatting of lengths and other physical quantities.
+%\RequirePackage[squaren]{SIunits}
+
+%%% If it is still a draft
+\usepackage[printwatermark]{xwatermark}
+\usepackage[]{xcolor}
+\newwatermark[allpages,color=red!10,angle=45,scale=2,xpos=0,ypos=-80]{DRAFT}
+\newwatermark[allpages,color=red!10,angle=45,scale=2,xpos=0,ypos=80]{DRAFT}
+
+%% Enable use of svg
+\usepackage{svg}
+
+%%% Tell \includegraphics where to search for files.
+\graphicspath{{fig/}{fig/measurements/}}
+
+
+\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
+\setlength{\parskip}{1em}
+
 \begin{document}
 \selectlanguage{english}
 

+ 4 - 2
rapport/methods.tex

@@ -175,9 +175,11 @@ When the PCB was delivered, it was visually inspected before assembling. Some mo
 \subsection{Measurement}
 Since the relay card will be used in measuring pulses with short rise times, it is of importance to know that it does not distorts the signal too much. It is desired to measure the magnitude response in the frequency domain, as well as the test pulse in time domain.
 
-To measure the magnitude response, a so called S21 measurement was performed using the network analyzer ZVL that is introduced in \autoref{sec:rohde_schwarz_zvl}. To be able to connect the network analyzer, a fixture was made to mimic the front panel of the CNA~200. A programmable relay card was used to control the relays during the testing. The setup can be seen in \autoref{fig:relay_card_measurement_s21}. Because of unstable results early in the measuring process, a modification was made to shorten the ground connection by attaching a braid as close as the attenuator grounds as possible and then grounding it directly to the fixture case, as depicted in \autoref{fig:relay_card_modification}. All subsequent measurements were performed with this modification.
+To measure the magnitude response, a so called S21 measurement was performed using the network analyzer ZVL that is introduced in \autoref{sec:rohde_schwarz_zvl}. To be able to connect the network analyzer, a fixture was made to mimic the front panel of the CNA~200. A programmable relay card was used to control the relays during the testing. The setup can be seen in \autoref{fig:relay_card_measurement_s21}.
 
-The signal was measured for each output terminal through each of the attenuators to get the magnitude response for the intended use. To see how well the design suppresses unconnected signals, the magnitude response was also measured when the signal was disconnected completely, i.e. all the control relays were open. In addition to this, the magnitude response was also measured with all but the relays on the current terminal closed, to see if there was any overhearing on the circuit board from the other terminals and the traces after the relays. The results were saved both as an image and as raw data in the form of complex numbers in a CSV, coma separated values, file to allow for further analysis and plotting.
+This setup proved to be unstable, as moving the coaxial wires and the grounding wire greatly affected the results for the higher frequencies. Because of the unstable results early in the measuring process, a modification was made to shorten the ground connection by attaching a braid as close as the attenuator grounds as possible and then grounding it directly to the fixture case, as depicted in \autoref{fig:relay_card_modification}. All subsequent measurements were performed with this modification.
+
+The signal was measured for each output terminal through each of the attenuators to get the magnitude response for the intended use. To see how well the design suppresses unconnected signals, the magnitude response was also measured when the signal was disconnected completely, i.e. all the control relays were open. In addition to this, the magnitude response was also measured with all but the relays on the current terminal closed, to see if there was any overhearing on the circuit board from the other terminals and the traces after the relays. An illustration of the measurements can be seen in \autoref{fig:relay_card_measurement_sketch}. The results were saved both as an image and as raw data in the form of complex numbers in a CSV, coma separated values, file to allow for further analysis and plotting.
 
 A single relay was also measured using the network analyzer to get a perception of its high frequency properties. The setup was made by soldering coaxial cable directly to the relay, with as short connecting wires as possible to prevent any influence on the result from the wires. The setup can be seen in \autoref{fig:relay_s21}.
 

+ 25 - 23
rapport/notation.tex

@@ -1,32 +1,34 @@
 % !TeX root = main.tex
 \begin{notation}% Passing the option "old" to the notation environment will redefine the notationtabular environment so that it produces an old style LaTeX tabular instead of a booktabs.sty style tabular.
   \centering
+%
+%  \begin{notationtabular}{Några mängder}{Notation}{Betydelse}
+%    $\naturals$ & Mängden av naturliga tal \\
+%    $\reals$ & Mängden av reella tal \\
+%    $\complexes$ & Mängden av komplexa tal \\
+%  \end{notationtabular}
+%
+%  \begin{notationtabular}{Abbreviations}{Abbreviation}{Description}
+%    \abbrARMA\index{ARMA@\abbrARMA!abbreviation} & Auto-regressive moving average \\
+%    \abbrPID\index{PID@\abbrPID!abbreviation} & Proportional, integral, differential (regulator) \\
+%  \end{notationtabular}
+%  
 
-  \begin{notationtabular}{Några mängder}{Notation}{Betydelse}
-    $\naturals$ & Mängden av naturliga tal \\
-    $\reals$ & Mängden av reella tal \\
-    $\complexes$ & Mängden av komplexa tal \\
-  \end{notationtabular}
+\end{notation}
 
-  \begin{notationtabular}{Abbreviations}{Abbreviation}{Description}
-    \abbrARMA\index{ARMA@\abbrARMA!abbreviation} & Auto-regressive moving average \\
-    \abbrPID\index{PID@\abbrPID!abbreviation} & Proportional, integral, differential (regulator) \\
-    \abbrDUT\index{DUT@\abbrDUT!abbreviation} & Device Under Test \\
-  \end{notationtabular}
-  
 
 \todo[Lägg till följande]
 
-EDA
-
-SMD
-
-DRC
-
-PCB
-
-CSV
-
-\end{notation}
-
+%    \abbrDUT\index{DUT@\abbrDUT!abbreviation} & Device Under Test \\
+%EDA
+%
+%SMD
+%
+%DRC
+%
+%PCB
+%
+%CSV
+%
+%
 

+ 71 - 5
rapport/results.tex

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Since not much was known about the project at this time, it was difficult to fin
 
 \section{Initial measurement of the old equipment}
 
+The result from the initial measurements are presented, along with the limits, in \autoref{tab:initial_measurements} and \autoref{tab:initial_measurements_sna}.
 
 \begin{table}[h]
 \begin{adjustbox}{width=\columnwidth,center}
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ Since not much was known about the project at this time, it was difficult to fin
     \end{tabular}
 \end{adjustbox}
     \caption{The initial manual measurements, measured directly at each generator's output.}
-    \label{tab:initial-measurements}
+    \label{tab:initial_measurements}
 \end{table}
 
 \begin{table}[h]
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ Since not much was known about the project at this time, it was difficult to fin
     \end{tabular}
 \end{adjustbox}
     \caption{The initial manual measurements on the equipment, including the CNA~200.}
-    \label{tab:initial-measurements-cna}
+    \label{tab:initial_measurements_cna}
 \end{table}
 
 \section{Test architecture}
@@ -61,9 +62,7 @@ Since not much was known about the project at this time, it was difficult to fin
 The 3rd alternative was chosen because of the convenience of a fully automatic system and because of the electrical safety that alternative 2 would pose.
 
 \section{Design of dummy loads}
-
-\todo[flytta till resultat]
-The values measured are, presented in \autoref{tab:four-wire-result}, are well within the \SI{1}{\percent} specified by the standard \cite{iso_7637_2}.
+The values measured on the dummy loads are presented in \autoref{tab:four-wire-result}.
 
 \begin{table}[h]
 %\begin{adjustbox}{width=\columnwidth,center}
@@ -94,5 +93,72 @@ Nice graphs.
 The \SI{60.1}{\deci\bel} attenuator was divided into one \SI{27.35}{\deci\bel} $\Pi$ attenuator links \SI{32.75}{\deci\bel}. When the closest values for the resistors had been chosen, using \SI{56}{\ohm} as shunt resistors and \SI{56}{\ohm} in series, the final attenuation was \SI{53.66}{\deci\bel} for the two links according to the simulation, seen in \autoref{fig:ltspice-att-ideal-54}. The input and output resistance was 
 \autoref{discussion_attenuators}
 
+
+\begin{figure}
+	\centering
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_p}
+		\caption{Plus terminal closed, all other open}
+	\end{subfigure}
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_pao}
+		\caption{Plus terminal open, all other open}
+	\end{subfigure}
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_pooc}
+		\caption{Plus terminal open, all other closed}
+	\end{subfigure}
+
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_m}
+		\caption{Minus terminal closed, all other open}
+	\end{subfigure}
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_mao}
+		\caption{Minus terminal open, all other open}
+	\end{subfigure}
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_mooc}
+		\caption{Minus terminal open, all other closed}
+	\end{subfigure}
+
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_g}
+		\caption{Ground terminal closed, all other open}
+	\end{subfigure}
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_gao}
+		\caption{Ground terminal open, all other open}
+	\end{subfigure}
+	\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.3\textwidth}
+		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{1k_gooc}
+		\caption{Ground terminal open, all other closed}
+	\end{subfigure}
+	
+	\caption{The measurements made on the attenuators}
+\end{figure}
+
 \section{Analysis}
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+ 1 - 1
rapport/setup/mynotation.sty

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 \let\textabbr\textsc
 \newcommand{\abbrPID}{\texorpdfstring{\textabbr{pid}}{PID}\xspace}
 \newcommand{\abbrARMA}{\texorpdfstring{\textabbr{arma}}{ARMA}\xspace}
-\newcommand{\abbrDUT}{\texorpdfstring{\textabbr{dut}}{DUT}\xspace}
+%\newcommand{\abbrDUT}{\texorpdfstring{\textabbr{dut}}{DUT}\xspace}
 
 % Common sets
 \newcommand{\reals}{\mathbb{R}}

+ 16 - 54
rapport/setup/mythesis.sty

@@ -17,31 +17,6 @@
   dedication={}
 }
 
-%%% Makes DOI numbers to links
-\usepackage{doi}
-
-
-%%% The footnotes are renumbered for each page
-\usepackage[perpage]{footmisc}
-
-
-%%& Make bold mathmode available 
-\usepackage{bm}
-
-%%% Make it possible to change size of tables
-\usepackage{adjustbox}
-
-%%% Use SI units
-\usepackage{siunitx}
-%%% For consistent formatting of lengths and other physical quantities.
-%\RequirePackage[squaren]{SIunits}
-
-%%% If it is still a draft
-\usepackage[printwatermark]{xwatermark}
-\usepackage[]{xcolor}
-\newwatermark[allpages,color=red!10,angle=45,scale=2,xpos=0,ypos=-80]{DRAFT}
-\newwatermark[allpages,color=red!10,angle=45,scale=2,xpos=0,ypos=80]{DRAFT}
-
 %%% Since macros that define notation may be useful also to produce figures, these macros are kept in a separate file.
 \RequirePackage{mynotation}
 
@@ -52,35 +27,6 @@
   \bibliographystyle{ieeetr}%
 }
 
-%%% Egna inställningar %%%%
-\setlength{\parindent}{0em}
-\setlength{\parskip}{1em}
-
-%% Enable use of svg
-\usepackage{svg}
-
-%%% Tell \includegraphics where to search for files.
-\graphicspath{{fig/}}
-
-
-
-
-%%% Define command for playing around with margin paragraphs.
-\definecolor{Warning}{rgb}{1.0,0.5,0.0}
-\newcommand{\Warning}[2][Warning]{\marginpar{\fcolorbox{Warning}{white}{\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}\textbf{\textcolor{Warning}{\emph{#1:}}}\par \tiny \sf #2\end{minipage}}}}
-
-%%% Convenient todo command
-\usepackage{xifthen}
-\newcommand{\todo}[1][]{%
-    \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}% if no argument given
-        { \emph{TODO}\Warning[TODO]{}}%
-    %else
-        {\emph{\uppercase{TODO}}\Warning[TODO]{#1}}%
-}
-
-%%% Put text inside a square %%%
-\newcommand{\squareit}[1]{\fbox{\parbox{\textwidth}{#1}}}
-
 %%% Define font size command to use for all verbatim environments.
 \newcommand{\verbatimsize}{\small}
 
@@ -104,3 +50,19 @@
 \newcommand{\Tableref}[1]{\hyperref[#1]{Tabell~\ref*{#1}}}
 
 \newcommand{\pagepageref}[1]{\hyperref[#1]{sida~\pageref*{#1}}}
+
+%%% Define command for playing around with margin paragraphs.
+\definecolor{Warning}{rgb}{1.0,0.5,0.0}
+\newcommand{\Warning}[2][Warning]{\marginpar{\fcolorbox{Warning}{white}{\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}\textbf{\textcolor{Warning}{\emph{#1:}}}\par \tiny \sf #2\end{minipage}}}}
+
+%%% Convenient todo command
+\usepackage{xifthen}
+\newcommand{\todo}[1][]{%
+    \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{}}% if no argument given
+        { \emph{TODO}\Warning[TODO]{}}%
+    %else
+        {\emph{\uppercase{TODO}}\Warning[TODO]{#1}}%
+}
+
+%%% Put text inside a square %%%
+\newcommand{\squareit}[1]{\fbox{\parbox{\textwidth}{#1}}}

+ 13 - 13
rapport/tex/rtthesis.cls

@@ -616,18 +616,18 @@
 \RequirePackage{ifthen}
 \RequirePackage{calc}
 
-% The package caption.sty is loaded in "incompatibility mode".  It doesn't seem to matter where in this file we load
-% the package; the compatibility check will be made much later nevertheless.
-\RequirePackage[margin=1em, labelfont=bf,
-                singlelinecheck=true, font=sl,
-                compatibility=false% Unsupported feature that suppresses the incompatibility checks...
-                ]{caption}
-\captionsetup[figure]{position=bottom}
-\captionsetup[table]{position=top}
-\ifrt@parskip
-% There is some kind of conflict between captions, subfig, and parskip.  This fix was found in a LaTeX forum on the WWW.
-\DeclareCaptionOption{parskip}[]{}
-\fi
+%% The package caption.sty is loaded in "incompatibility mode".  It doesn't seem to matter where in this file we load
+%% the package; the compatibility check will be made much later nevertheless.
+%\RequirePackage[margin=1em, labelfont=bf,
+%                singlelinecheck=true, font=sl,
+%                compatibility=false% Unsupported feature that suppresses the incompatibility checks...
+%                ]{caption}
+%\captionsetup[figure]{position=bottom}
+%\captionsetup[table]{position=top}
+%\ifrt@parskip
+%% There is some kind of conflict between captions, subfig, and parskip.  This fix was found in a LaTeX forum on the WWW.
+%\DeclareCaptionOption{parskip}[]{}
+%\fi
 
 \newcommand*{\rtthesis@assertnonobackref}{\relax}
 \ifrt@UseBackref
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@
 
 \renewcommand{\cftmarktoc}{\markboth{\contentsname}{\contentsname}}  % Needed to not get CONTENTS (with capital letters) in the header of the Contents, should be loaded after tocloft
 
-\RequirePackage[margin=.5em, font={sl,small}]{subfig} % Must be loaded after tocloft.
+%\RequirePackage[margin=.5em, font={sl,small}]{subfig} % Must be loaded after tocloft.
 % tocbibind shall be loaded after hyperref.  Otherwise, some pdf bookmarks will be missing (like the one for the index).
 \RequirePackage[ chapter, nottoc ]{tocbibind} % Fix heading in bibs etc
 \renewcommand*\tocetcmark[1]{\markboth{#1}{#1}}

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